Key Technical Research on Aquarium Architecture — Systems, Materials, and Spatial Design

Aquarium construction presents unique complexities beyond ordinary buildings. It involves more than just conventional structural design; aquariums require specialized considerations for life support systems and recycling equipment.

This specificity manifests primarily in exhibit technologies, equipment, and maintenance. A significant portion of an aquarium’s architectural space is occupied by such equipment. In addition to standard building systems like power distribution, refrigeration, fire protection, ventilation, and lighting, the most critical equipment is the water treatment system.

Marine animal protection and medical facilities are also essential components of aquarium projects. Protection pools must be separated for different species and diseases, with dedicated isolation pools when necessary. The location of animal hospitals is crucial: while they must be isolated from exhibition areas, they also need to be easily accessible.

To achieve this, underground passages should connect the animal display, protection, and medical zones. These passages require rational design for water circulation, elevation, and water quality control.

Exhibit spaces demand large quantities of transparent materials with high light transmittance, clarity, minimal deformation, and the ability to withstand significant water pressure. Due to the weight and brittleness of ordinary glass, acrylic is commonly used in aquariums for its safety and durability.

Spatial planning in aquarium architecture must adapt to physical requirements like temperature, humidity, and ventilation, determining varying floor heights for different zones. While roof openings and daylighting are essential to ensure marine animals’ sunlight exposure, they often conflict with indoor temperature and humidity management. The mechanical systems—namely, the aquarium’s life support systems—are fully automated by computer control.